Book 17: 《陽貨》 Yang Huo
《陽貨》 Passage 17.8
Legge Translation (1861)
The Master said: "You, have you heard the six words to which are attached six becloudings?" You replied: "I have not.""Sit down, and I will tell them to you.
There is the love of being benevolent without the love of learning; — the beclouding here leads to a foolish simplicity. There is the love of knowing without the love of learning; — the beclouding here leads to dissipation of mind. There is the love of being sincere without the love of learning; — the beclouding here leads to an injurious disregard of consequences. There is the love of straightforwardness without the love of learning; — the beclouding here leads to rudeness. There is the love of boldness without the love of learning; — the beclouding here leads to insubordination. There is the love of firmness without the love of learning; — the beclouding here leads to extravagant conduct."
Word by word
- 子曰 zǐ yuē
the Master said
- 子 master, teacher (referring to Confucius)
- 曰 said, spoke
- 由 yóu
You / Zilu, personal name of the disciple Zhong You
- 也 yě
particle marking a pause after a name in direct address
- 女 rǔ
you (second-person pronoun)
read rǔ, the second-person pronoun later written 汝; the same at index 30 and in 17.10 and 17.21.
- 聞 wén
to hear, hear of
- 六言 liù yán
the six maxims, six precepts (on virtue)
- 六 six
- 言 word, saying, maxim
- 六蔽 liù bì
the six flaws, six vices (attending them)
- 六 six
- 蔽 flaw, blind spot, defect that obscures
- 矣乎 yǐ hū
interrogative-assertive particle combination forming a yes/no question: have...?
- 矣 perfective/assertive final particle
- 乎 interrogative final particle
- 對曰 duì yuē
replied
- 對 to reply, respond (to a superior)
- 曰 said
- 未 wèi
not yet, no
- 也 yě
assertive final particle
English closes the reply with the negation word alone.
- 居 jū
sit down, be seated (imperative of address)
- 吾 wú
I, me
- 語 yù
to tell, inform
read yù, to tell someone (釋文: 魚據反), not yǔ, speech.
- 女 rǔ
you (object pronoun)
- 好仁 hào rén
loving humaneness, being fond of benevolence
- 好 to be fond of, to love (a quality)
- 仁 humaneness, benevolence
- 不好學 bù hào xué
without a matching love of learning
- 不 not
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 學 learning, study
- 其 qí
possessive pronoun: its, his
Translators use the definite article "the" rather than a possessive here.
- 蔽 bì
flaw, blind spot, defect
- 也 yě
particle marking a pause after the topic just named
- 愚 yú
foolishness, gullible simplemindedness
- 好知 hào zhì
loving wisdom, being fond of understanding
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 知 wisdom, knowledge, understanding
- 不好學 bù hào xué
without a matching love of learning
- 不 not
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 學 learning, study
- 其 qí
possessive pronoun: its, his
Translators use the definite article "the" rather than a possessive here.
- 蔽 bì
flaw, blind spot, defect
- 也 yě
particle marking a pause after the topic just named
- 蕩 dàng
unmoored dissipation, dissolute lack of restraint
- 好信 hào xìn
loving trustworthiness, being fond of keeping one's word
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 信 trustworthiness, being true to one's word
- 不好學 bù hào xué
without a matching love of learning
- 不 not
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 學 learning, study
- 其 qí
possessive pronoun: its, his
Translators use the definite article "the" rather than a possessive here.
- 蔽 bì
flaw, blind spot, defect
- 也 yě
particle marking a pause after the topic just named
- 賊 zéi
harm, injuriousness caused by rigid honesty
- 好直 hào zhí
loving uprightness, being fond of straightforward candor
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 直 uprightness, straightforwardness
- 不好學 bù hào xué
without a matching love of learning
- 不 not
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 學 learning, study
- 其 qí
possessive pronoun: its, his
Translators use the definite article "the" rather than a possessive here.
- 蔽 bì
flaw, blind spot, defect
- 也 yě
particle marking a pause after the topic just named
- 絞 jiǎo
harsh bluntness, derisive severity
- 好勇 hào yǒng
loving courage, being fond of boldness
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 勇 courage, boldness
- 不好學 bù hào xué
without a matching love of learning
- 不 not
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 學 learning, study
- 其 qí
possessive pronoun: its, his
Translators use the definite article "the" rather than a possessive here.
- 蔽 bì
flaw, blind spot, defect
- 也 yě
particle marking a pause after the topic just named
- 亂 luàn
unruly disorder, insubordination
- 好剛 hào gāng
loving firmness, being fond of unbending strength
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 剛 firmness, unbending strength, rigidity of character
- 不好學 bù hào xué
without a matching love of learning
- 不 not
- 好 to be fond of, to love
- 學 learning, study
- 其 qí
possessive pronoun: its, his
Translators use the definite article "the" rather than a possessive here.
- 蔽 bì
flaw, blind spot, defect
- 也 yě
particle marking a pause after the topic just named
- 狂 kuáng
wild recklessness, unruly excess
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