Book 13: 《子路》 Zi Lu
《子路》 Passage 13.19
Legge Translation (1861)
Fan Chi asked about perfect virtue. The Master said: "It is, in retirement, to be sedately grave; in the management of business, to be reverently attentive; in intercourse with others, to be strictly sincere. Though a man go among rude, uncultivated tribes, these qualities may not be neglected."Word by word
- 樊遲 fán chí
Fan Chi, a disciple of Confucius
- 樊 Fan (surname of the disciple Fan Chi)
- 遲 Chi, courtesy-name element in 樊遲, the courtesy name of Fan Xu (樊須); his given name is 須
- 問 wèn
to ask about, inquire about
- 仁 rén
benevolence, humaneness
Translators split between naming ren as a virtue (benevolence, Goodness, humankindness) and describing it as a mode of conduct (authoritative conduct).
- 子曰 zǐ yuē
the Master said
- 子 the Master (Confucius)
- 曰 said
- 居處 jū chǔ
one's private life, one's conduct at home
- 居 to dwell, occupy a place; one's manner in private life
- 處 to reside, be situated; one's circumstances in daily life
- 恭 gōng
respectful, reverent in bearing
- 執事 zhí shì
to attend to affairs, carry out one's duties
- 執 to hold, carry out, take charge of
- 事 affairs, business, duties
- 敬 jìng
respectful, reverent in conducting one's duties
- 與 yǔ
with, together with (coverb marking those one deals with)
- 人 rén
other people, others
- 忠 zhōng
loyal, doing one's utmost for others
- 雖 suī
although, even if
- 之 zhī
to go to
- 夷狄 yí dí
the Yi and Di, non-Chinese peoples of the east and north
- 夷 the Yi, a non-Chinese eastern people
- 狄 the Di, a non-Chinese northern people
- 不可 bù kě
cannot, may not
- 不 not
- 可 can, may (expressing permissibility)
- 棄 qì
to abandon, discard, cast aside
- 也 yě
final particle of assertion
English closes the sentence with a period and declarative mood rather than a distinct word, so the particle's affirming force is carried by punctuation and syntax, not by a translated word.
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