Book 16: 《季氏》 Ji Shi (The Ji Clan)
《季氏》 Passage 16.14
Legge Translation (1861)
The wife of the prince of a State is called by him FU REN. She calls herself XIAO TONG. The people of the State call her JUN FU REN, and, to the people of other States, they call her GUA XIAO JUN. The people of other States also call her JUN FU REN.Word by word
- 邦君 bāng jūn
ruler of a state, lord of a state
- 邦 state, country
- 君 ruler, lord
- 之 zhī
possessive particle: 's, of
- 妻 qī
wife, spouse
- 君 jūn
the ruler, he (referring back to the state's lord)
Roberts, Lau and Chin fuse this clause with the previous one, so the lord is named only once in their English
- 稱 chēng
to call, refer to, address as
- 之 zhī
her, object pronoun referring to the ruler's wife
- 曰 yuē
quotative particle: as, saying
- 夫人 fū rén
title for the ruler's wife: lady
- 夫 man, husband
- 人 person
Legge transliterates the title (FUREN) rather than translating it, unlike the other seven
- 夫人 fū rén
the lady, she (referring to the ruler's wife)
- 夫 man, husband
- 人 person
- 自 zì
herself, reflexive pronoun
- 稱 chēng
to call, refer to, address as
- 曰 yuē
quotative particle: as, saying
- 小童 xiǎo tóng
self-designation of the ruler's wife: little child
- 小 little, small
- 童 child, young person
a self-deprecating title; wording varies widely (child, boy, youngster, youth) though the sense is one and the same
- 邦人 bāng rén
the people of the state
- 邦 state, country
- 人 people
- 稱 chēng
to call, refer to, address as
- 之 zhī
her, object pronoun referring to the ruler's wife
- 曰 yuē
quotative particle: as, saying
- 君夫人 jūn fū rén
title used by the people of the state: the lord's lady
- 君 ruler, lord
- 夫 man, husband
- 人 person
first of two occurrences; the people of the ruler's own state use this title for his wife
- 稱 chēng
to call, refer to, address as
- 諸 zhū
contraction of 之 (her) and 於 (to, among)
諸 fuses the object pronoun with a locative preposition.
- 異邦 yì bāng
other states, foreign states
- 異 other, different
- 邦 state, country
- 曰 yuē
quotative particle: as, saying
- 寡小君 guǎ xiǎo jūn
self-deprecating title: unworthy little lord
- 寡 of little (virtue), the humble self-deprecating prefix of 寡人
- 小 little, small
- 君 lord, ruler
寡 is the humility prefix of 寡人, 'of little virtue' (朱熹: 寡, 寡德, 謙辭), not 'widowed' or 'orphaned' as Slingerland and Roberts render it; 君 stays 'lord' in all but Roberts, who alone makes it 'lady' to match the wife.
- 異邦人 yì bāng rén
people of other states
- 異 other, different
- 邦 state, country
- 人 people
Ames & Rosemont uses the pronoun "they", carried over from the previous clause.
- 稱 chēng
to call, refer to, address as
- 之 zhī
her, object pronoun referring to the ruler's wife
- 亦 yì
also, too
- 曰 yuē
quotative particle: as, saying
- 君夫人 jūn fū rén
title used by people of other states: the lord's lady
- 君 ruler, lord
- 夫 man, husband
- 人 person
second occurrence; here it is people of foreign states, not the ruler's own subjects, using the title
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