《陽貨》 Passage 17.22

the Master said

• 子 master, teacher; here, an honorific title for Confucius
• 曰 to say, said

to stuff oneself with food, eat to satiety

• 飽 to eat one's fill, be satiated
• 食 to eat; food

the whole day, all day long

• 終 entire, whole (duration); to the end of
• 日 day

there is nothing to, no place or thing to (negates an object of the following verb)

• 無 there is not, without; negation of existence
• 所 nominalizing particle: that which, a place or thing to

to apply the mind, exert mental effort

• 用 to use, to apply
• 心 heart, mind

difficult, a hard case

emphatic exclamatory particle combination: indeed, truly

• 矣 final particle marking completed action or assertion
• 哉 exclamatory final particle: how...!, indeed!

is there not...?, rhetorical question expecting an affirmative answer

• 不 not
• 有 there is, there exists; to have
• 乎 interrogative final particle

board games (such as liubo and weiqi)

• 博 board game played with pieces and dice (liubo)
• 弈 the game of weiqi (go)
• 者 nominalizing particle: that which, those who, such as

Translators split between reading this as the games themselves (bo and yi/weiqi) and as the people who play them (gamesters, gamblers); the nominalizing 者 supports both readings.

to do, to engage in, to practice

it, them (referring back to the board games)

still be better than, superior to

• 猶 still, yet; comparatively as good as
• 賢 worthy, good; here used verbally: better, superior

comparative particle: than

Here 乎 functions as a comparative particle equivalent to 於 ('than'), distinct from the interrogative 乎 earlier in this passage.

to stop, desist