Book 13: 《子路》 Zi Lu
《子路》 Passage 13.9
Legge Translation (1861)
When the Master went to Wey, Ran You acted as driver of his carriage.The Master observed: "How numerous are the people!"
You said: "Since they are thus numerous, what more shall be done for them?"
"Enrich them," was the reply.
"And when they have been enriched, what more shall be done?"
The Master said: "Teach them."
Word by word
- 子 zǐ
the Master, Confucius
- 適 shì
to go to, travel to
- 衛 wèi
Wey, a state in the Zhou confederation
- 冉有 rǎn yǒu
Ran You (Ran Qiu), a disciple of Confucius
- 冉 Ran, surname of the disciple Ran You (Ran Qiu)
- 有 You, courtesy-name element in 冉有; Ran Qiu's (冉求) courtesy name is 子有, his given name 求
- 僕 pú
to drive a carriage, act as charioteer
- 子曰 zǐ yuē
the Master said
- 子 the Master, Confucius
- 曰 said
- 庶 shù
numerous, populous
- 矣哉 yǐ zāi
perfective + exclamatory particle combination: marks strong exclamation
- 矣 perfective particle marking a completed or realized state
- 哉 exclamatory final particle
- 冉有 rǎn yǒu
Ran You (Ran Qiu), a disciple of Confucius
- 冉 Ran, surname of the disciple Ran You
- 有 You, courtesy-name element in 冉有; Ran Qiu's (冉求) courtesy name is 子有, his given name 求
- 曰 yuē
said
- 既…矣 jì … yǐ
already, marking a completed or realized state
- 既 already
- 矣 perfective particle marking a completed or realized state
既 ('already') and sentence-final 矣 jointly mark a realized state; English usually renders the pair with 'already', 'once', or a perfect-tense verb rather than two separate words.
- 庶 shù
numerous, populous
- 又 yòu
further, in addition, again
- 何 hé
what
- 加 jiā
to add, to do further
- 焉 yān
final particle: to them, for them
Marks the implicit object of the question; several translators leave it to be understood from the verb alone.
- 曰 yuē
said
- 富 fù
to enrich, make prosperous
- 之 zhī
them, referring to the people
- 曰 yuē
said
- 既…矣 jì … yǐ
already, marking a completed or realized state
- 既 already
- 矣 perfective particle marking a completed or realized state
既 ('already') and sentence-final 矣 jointly mark a realized state; English usually renders the pair with 'already', 'once', or a perfect-tense verb rather than two separate words.
- 富 fù
rich, prosperous
- 又 yòu
further, in addition, again
- 何 hé
what
- 加 jiā
to add, to do further
- 焉 yān
final particle: to them, for them
Marks the implicit object of the question.
- 曰 yuē
said
- 教 jiào
to teach, educate
- 之 zhī
them, referring to the people
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