Book 16: 《季氏》 Ji Shi (The Ji Clan)
《季氏》 Passage 16.5
Legge Translation (1861)
Confucius said: "There are three things men find enjoyment in which are advantageous, and three things they find enjoyment in which are injurious. To find enjoyment in the discriminating study of ceremonies and music; to find enjoyment in speaking of the goodness of others; to find enjoyment in having many worthy friends: — these are advantageous. To find enjoyment in extravagant pleasures; to find enjoyment in idleness and sauntering; to find enjoyment in the pleasures of feasting: — these are injurious."Word by word
- 孔子 kǒng zǐ
Confucius, Master Kong
- 孔 Kong, the surname of Confucius
- 子 master, honorific title, here part of Confucius's name
- 曰 yuē
said, spoke
- 益 yì
beneficial, advantageous
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: that which, the kind that
- 三 sān
three
- 樂 lè
joy, pleasure, a thing found enjoyable
traditionally read yào, to delight in (朱熹: 樂, 五教反, the reading of 知者樂水), and likewise for each list-opening 樂 in this passage; 禮樂 is yuè, music, and 驕樂, 宴樂 are lè, pleasure. 楊伯峻 keeps the yào reading.
- 損 sǔn
harmful, injurious
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: that which, the kind that
- 三 sān
three
- 樂 lè
joy, pleasure, a thing found enjoyable
- 樂 lè
to take joy in, to delight in
- 節 jié
to regulate, moderate, keep within due measure
- 禮樂 lǐ yuè
rites and music
- 禮 ritual propriety, the rites
- 樂 music — read yuè, music; the verb 樂 'delight in' in this passage is traditionally yào, and 驕樂, 宴樂 are lè
read yuè, music, in the binome 禮樂; the framing verb 樂 'delight in' is traditionally read yào (朱熹: 五教反), and 驕樂, 宴樂 are lè.
- 樂 lè
to take joy in, to delight in
- 道 dào
to speak of, to commend, to tell of
- 人 rén
others, other people
- 之 zhī
possessive particle: of, 's
- 善 shàn
goodness, good qualities
- 樂 lè
to take joy in, to delight in
- 多 duō
many, numerous
- 賢友 xián yǒu
worthy friends
- 賢 worthy, virtuous
- 友 friend
- 益 yì
beneficial, advantageous
- 矣 yǐ
final particle of assertion: it is so
- 樂 lè
to take joy in, to delight in
- 驕樂 jiāo lè
arrogant indulgence, prideful self-gratification
- 驕 arrogant, haughty, proud
- 樂 pleasure, indulgence, self-gratification
- 樂 lè
to take joy in, to delight in
- 佚遊 yì yóu
idle wandering, dissolute roaming
- 佚 idle, dissipated, given to unrestrained pleasure
- 遊 to wander, roam, ramble
- 樂 lè
to take joy in, to delight in
- 宴樂 yàn lè
feasting and indulgence, banquet pleasures
- 宴 feasting, banqueting
- 樂 pleasure, indulgence, merrymaking
- 損 sǔn
harmful, injurious
- 矣 yǐ
final particle of assertion: it is so
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