Book 17: 《陽貨》 Yang Huo
《陽貨》 Passage 17.24
Legge Translation (1861)
Zigong said: "Has the superior man his hatreds also?"The Master said: "He has his hatreds. He hates those who proclaim the evil of others. He hates the man who, being in a low station, slanders his superiors. He hates those who have valor merely, and are unobservant of propriety. He hates those who are forward and determined, and, at the same time, of contracted understanding."
The Master then inquired: "Ci, have you also your hatreds?"
Zigong replied: "I hate those who pry out matters, and ascribe the knowledge to their wisdom. I hate those who are only not modest, and think that they are valorous. I hate those who make known secrets, and think that they are straightforward."
Word by word
- 子貢 zǐ gòng
Zigong, a disciple of Confucius
- 子 prefix of a courtesy name, as in 子路 and 子貢; not the title Master
- 貢 Gong, courtesy-name element in 子貢, the courtesy name of Duanmu Ci (端木賜); his given name is 賜
- 曰 yuē
to say, speak (introduces direct speech)
- 君子 jūn zǐ
exemplary person, gentleman
- 君 lord, ruler; 君子 is literally a lord's son
- 子 son; 君子 is literally a lord's son, one of the ruling class, which the Analects makes a term of character
- 亦 yì
also, too
- 有 yǒu
to have, possess
- 惡 wù
things one detests, dislikes (noun)
- 乎 hū
interrogative final particle
- 子曰 zǐ yuē
the Master said
- 子 Master, honorific title for Confucius
- 曰 said, spoke
- 有 yǒu
to have, possess
- 惡 wù
things one detests, dislikes (noun)
- 惡 wù
to detest, dislike, hate
This wù reading (verb: to detest) recurs seven times in the passage; contrast the è reading at index 24 (noun: faults, what is bad).
- 稱 chēng
to proclaim, publicize, speak of
- 人 rén
other people, others
- 之 zhī
possessive particle: 's, of
- 惡 è
faults, evil, bad qualities
Here read è (noun: what is bad in someone), distinct from the wù reading (verb: to detest) used everywhere else in the passage.
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: those who, one who
- 惡 wù
to detest, dislike, hate
- 居 jū
to dwell, occupy, hold (a position)
- 下流 xià liú
low position, inferior status
- 下 low, inferior in rank
- 流 class, station, rank
- 而 ér
adversative conjunction: but, yet
- 訕 shàn
to slander, speak ill of
- 上 shàng
those above, superiors
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: those who, one who
- 惡 wù
to detest, dislike, hate
- 勇 yǒng
brave, courageous
- 而 ér
adversative conjunction: but, yet
- 無禮 wú lǐ
lacking ritual propriety, wanting in proper conduct
- 無 to lack, be without
- 禮 ritual propriety, proper conduct
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: those who, one who
- 惡 wù
to detest, dislike, hate
- 果敢 guǒ gǎn
resolute and daring, bold decisiveness
- 果 resolute, decisive
- 敢 daring, bold
- 而 ér
adversative conjunction: but, yet
- 窒 zhì
obstructed, closed-minded
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: those who, one who
- 曰 yuē
to say, speak (introduces direct speech)
Watson drops this second exchange entirely, folding the Master's question straight into Zigong's answer.
- 賜 cì
Ci (Si), Zigong's personal name
- 也 yě
topic-marking/pausal particle after a vocative
- 亦 yì
also, too
- 有 yǒu
to have, possess
- 惡 wù
things one detests, dislikes (noun)
- 乎 hū
interrogative final particle
- 惡 wù
to detest, dislike, hate
- 徼 jiāo
to pry into and appropriate others' ideas, plagiarize
Roberts reads 徼 as superficial breadth of learning rather than as appropriating others' ideas; the other seven agree on the plagiarism/prying sense.
- 以為 yǐ wéi
to regard as, consider to be, take as
- 以 to take, consider (as); coverb introducing a claimed status
- 為 to be, to regard as, to consider to be
- 知 zhì
wisdom, knowledge
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: those who, one who
- 惡 wù
to detest, dislike, hate
- 不孫 bù xùn
immodest, lacking deference
- 不 not; negates the following word
- 孫 modest, deferential, respectful (孫 = 遜)
- 以為 yǐ wéi
to regard as, consider to be, take as
- 以 to take, consider (as); coverb introducing a claimed status
- 為 to be, to regard as, to consider to be
- 勇 yǒng
courage, bravery
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: those who, one who
- 惡 wù
to detest, dislike, hate
- 訐 jié
to expose others' secrets or faults
- 以為 yǐ wéi
to regard as, consider to be, take as
- 以 to take, consider (as); coverb introducing a claimed status
- 為 to be, to regard as, to consider to be
- 直 zhí
upright, straightforward, honest
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: those who, one who
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