《公冶長》 Passage 5.1

the Master remarked about, said of (someone)

• 子 the Master, Confucius (respectful title used as subject)
• 謂 to speak of, remark about (someone)

Gongye Chang, a disciple of Confucius (proper name)

• 公 first syllable of the surname Gongye
• 冶 second syllable of the surname Gongye
• 長 given name Chang, in the personal name Gongye Chang

marriageable, fit to be given a wife

• 可 modal verb: may, can, is fit to
• 妻 to be given a wife, to become a husband by marriage (verb) — used verbally here, not as the noun wife

妻 is read qì, in the departing tone, as a verb, to give a wife to, and 可 marks fitness; translators split between a passive framing (fit to be given a wife) and an active one (would make a good husband). The same verbal 妻 recurs in 以其子妻之 here and in 5.2.

final particle of assertion

although, even though

to be located in the midst of, within

• 在 to be located, to be at
• 之 attributive particle linking a preceding word to what follows: 's, of
• 中 middle, within, the midst of

bonds, fetters (ropes binding a prisoner)

• 縲 black rope used to bind a prisoner, standing for imprisonment
• 絏 cord used to bind a prisoner, standing for imprisonment

not through any fault of his own (negation + possessive assertion frame)

• 非 is not, it is not the case that
• 其 his, his own (referring to Gongye Chang)
• 也 final particle of assertion

crime, guilt, wrongdoing, fault

coverb introducing the means: by means of, using

English renders the clause with the ditransitive verb gave...in marriage, so 以's introduction of the means is not lexicalized as a separate word

his, his own

daughter

to give (someone) in marriage, to make (someone) a husband

妻 is used causatively here, not as the noun wife

him (third-person object pronoun)