Book 6: 《雍也》 Yong Ye (As for Yong)
《雍也》 Passage 6.23
Legge Translation (1861)
The Master said: "The wise find pleasure in water; the virtuous find pleasure in hills. The wise are active; the virtuous are tranquil. The wise are joyful; the virtuous are long-lived."Word by word
- 子曰 zǐ yuē
the Master said
- 子 Master, honorific title for a teacher (here, Confucius)
- 曰 said, spoke
- 知 zhì
wise, knowledgeable
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 樂 lè
to delight in, find joy in, take pleasure in
Read yào ('to delight in, be fond of') here, taking 水 as its direct object; contrast the adjectival 樂 (lè, 'joyful') in the final clause of the passage.
- 水 shuǐ
water
- 仁者 rén zhě
the human-hearted; one who possesses 仁
- 仁 rén
humane, benevolent
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 樂 lè
to delight in, find joy in, take pleasure in
Read yào, taking 山 as its direct object, paralleling 樂水 above.
- 山 shān
mountain, mountains, hill
- 知 zhì
wise, knowledgeable
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 動 dòng
active, in motion, given to movement
- 仁者 rén zhě
the human-hearted; one who possesses 仁
- 仁 rén
humane, benevolent
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 靜 jìng
still, tranquil, quiet
- 知 zhì
wise, knowledgeable
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 樂 lè
joyful, happy
Read lè, not yào, here: it takes no object and stands as a stative predicate, unlike the transitive 樂 earlier in the passage. Roberts and Ames & Rosemont render it as a continuation of the verbal sense ('exult', 'find enjoyment') rather than switching readings.
- 仁者 rén zhě
the human-hearted; one who possesses 仁
- 仁 rén
humane, benevolent
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 壽 shòu
long-lived, enjoying long life
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