Book 10: 《鄉黨》 Xiang Dang (In the Village)
《鄉黨》 Passage 10.6
Legge Translation (1861)
The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce colour, in the ornaments of his dress.Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a red or reddish colour.
In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture, but he wore it displayed over an inner garment.
Over lamb's fur he wore a garment of black; over fawn's fur one of white; and over fox's fur one of yellow.
The fur robe of his undress was long, with the right sleeve short.
He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body.
When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger.
When he put off mourning, he wore all the appendages of the girdle.
His under-garment, except when it was required to be of the curtain shape, was made of silk cut narrow above and wide below.
He did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap, on a visit of condolence.
On the first day of the month he put on his court robes, and presented himself at court.
Word by word
- 君子 jūn zǐ
exemplary person, gentleman
- 君 lord, ruler; 君子 is literally a lord's son
- 子 son; 君子 is literally a lord's son, one of the ruling class, which the Analects makes a term of character
- 不 bù
not
- 以 yǐ
to use, with
- 紺 gàn
dark purplish-blue, reddish black
- 緅 zōu
dark maroon, purplish brown
- 飾 shì
trim, decorative border (of a garment)
- 紅 hóng
red
- 紫 zǐ
purple
- 不 bù
not
- 以為 yǐ wéi
to use as, to make into
- 以 coverb: to use, take as
- 為 to make into, to serve as
- 褻服 xiè fú
informal dress, everyday clothing
- 褻 informal, everyday (of clothing)
- 服 garment, clothing
- 當暑 dāng shǔ
in hot weather, during the summer heat
- 當 during, at the time of
- 暑 hot weather, summer heat
- 袗 zhěn
unlined, single-layer (garment)
- 絺綌 chī xì
fine and coarse hemp cloth
- 絺 fine hemp cloth
- 綌 coarse hemp cloth
- 必 bì
always, invariably
- 表 biǎo
to put on as an outer layer, wear over
- 而 ér
coordinating conjunction: and, and then
- 出之 chū zhī
to show outwardly, display over an inner garment
- 出 to go out; to show, make evident
- 之 object pronoun: it (referring to the garment)
- 緇衣 zī yī
black upper garment, black jacket
- 緇 black (silk)
- 衣 upper garment, jacket
- 羔裘 gāo qiú
lambskin fur robe
- 羔 lamb, young sheep
- 裘 fur robe, fur coat
- 素衣 sù yī
undyed white upper garment
- 素 undyed white (silk)
- 衣 upper garment, jacket
- 麑裘 ní qiú
fawnskin fur robe
- 麑 fawn, young deer
- 裘 fur robe, fur coat
- 黃衣 huáng yī
yellow upper garment
- 黃 yellow
- 衣 upper garment, jacket
- 狐裘 hú qiú
fox-fur robe
- 狐 fox
- 裘 fur robe, fur coat
- 褻裘 xiè qiú
informal fur robe worn at home
- 褻 informal, everyday (of clothing)
- 裘 fur robe, fur coat
- 長 cháng
long (of a garment)
Watson reads this as 'of ordinary length' rather than markedly long, a divergent construal of the comparison.
- 短 duǎn
short
- 右袂 yòu mèi
the right sleeve
- 右 right (side)
- 袂 sleeve
- 必 bì
always, invariably, without fail
- 有 yǒu
to have, possess
- 寢衣 qǐn yī
sleeping robe, nightgown
- 寢 for sleeping
- 衣 garment, robe
孔安國 (in 何晏) glosses 寢衣 as 今之被, a quilt or coverlet, as Peimin Ni ('sleeping quilt') and Chin ('coverlet') render it; 朱熹 takes it as a separate garment worn to sleep in during the fast, and 程子 held the sentence a misplaced slip belonging after 齊必有明衣布 in 10.7.
- 長 cháng
long, in length
- 一身 yī shēn
one body's length, the length of one's body
- 一 one
- 身 body
- 有 yòu
plus, and (marking an additional fraction)
- 半 bàn
half
- 狐貉 hú hé
fox and badger
- 狐 fox
- 貉 badger
- 之 zhī
possessive/modifying particle: 's, of
- 厚 hòu
thick
- 以 yǐ
to use, with
- 居 jū
to sit on, use as a rug or mat
Translators split between a concrete 'sit on as a mat/rug' reading and a general 'dwell at home' reading of 居.
- 去喪 qù sāng
once the mourning period had ended
- 去 to leave, be free of, have finished (a period)
- 喪 mourning
- 無所不 wú suǒ bù
there was nothing (he) would not..., every kind of
- 無 there is not, none
- 所 that which, nominalizing particle
- 不 not
- 佩 pèi
belt or girdle ornament, pendant
- 非 fēi
other than, except
- 帷裳 wéi cháng
curtain-shaped ceremonial skirt
- 帷 curtain-shaped, pleated (style of ceremonial skirt)
- 裳 lower garment, skirt
- 必 bì
always, invariably
- 殺之 shài zhī
to have it cut down and tailored to fit
- 殺 to reduce, cut down, trim to fit
- 之 object pronoun: it (referring to the garment)
Read shài, going tone (朱熹: 殺，去聲), to taper: 朱熹 explains that the pleated ceremonial 帷裳 was made of whole widths of cloth, while every other lower garment was cut on a slant (殺縫) to narrow at the waist.
- 羔裘 gāo qiú
lambskin fur robe
- 羔 lamb, young sheep
- 裘 fur robe, fur coat
- 玄冠 xuán guān
black ceremonial cap
- 玄 black, dark
- 冠 cap, headgear
- 不 bù
not
- 以 yǐ
uses (the garments just named) for: the object of 以 stands in front of it
- 弔 diào
condolence visit, call of mourning
- 吉月 jí yuè
the first day of the month, the auspicious new moon
- 吉 auspicious, lucky
- 月 month, moon
- 必 bì
always, invariably
- 朝服 cháo fú
court dress, ceremonial court attire
- 朝 court (of the ruler)
- 服 dress, attire
- 而 ér
coordinating conjunction: and
- 朝 cháo
to go to court, attend court
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