《鄉黨》 In the Village
Book 10 · 27 passages
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Showing 27 of 27 passages
10.1
孔子於鄉黨，恂恂如也，似不能言者。其在宗廟朝廷，便便言，唯謹爾。
Confucius, in his village, looked simple and sincere, and as if he were not able to speak.
When he was in the prince's ancestorial temple, or in the court, he spoke minutely on every point, but cautiously.
10.2
朝，與下大夫言，侃侃如也；與上大夫言，誾誾如也。君在，踧踖如也。與與如也。
At court, when speaking with the lower-level great officers, he was free and straightforward; when speaking with those of the higher level, he was bland and precise.
When the prince was present, his manner displayed respectful uneasiness; it was grave, but self-possessed.
10.3
君召使擯，色勃如也，足躩如也。揖所與立，左右手。衣前後，襜如也。趨進，翼如也。賓退，必復命曰：「賓不顧矣。」
When the prince called him to employ him in the reception of a visitor, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to move forward with difficulty.
He bowed to the officers among whom he stood as he moved to the left or right, as their party might require, and his robes, front and back, were adjusted with regular care.
When he moved rapidly, it was with his arms like wings. When the visitor was entertained, he would report the execution of his mission, saying: "The visitor does not any longer look back."
10.4
入公門，鞠躬如也，如不容。立不中門，行不履閾。過位，色勃如也，足躩如也，其言似不足者。攝齊升堂，鞠躬如也，屏氣似不息者。出，降一等，逞顏色，怡怡如也。沒階趨進，翼如也。復其位，踧踖如也。
When he entered the palace gate, he seemed to bend his body, as if it were not sufficient to admit him.
When he stood, he did not occupy the middle of the gateway; when he passed in or out, he did not tread upon the threshold.
When he was passing the vacant seat of the prince, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to bend under him, and his words came as if he hardly had breath to utter them.
He ascended the reception hall, holding up his robe with both hands, and his body bent; holding in his breath also, as if he dared not breathe.
When he came out from the presence, as soon as he had descended one step, he began to relax his countenance, and had a satisfied look. When he had got to the bottom of the steps, he advanced rapidly to his place, with his arms like wings, and on occupying it, his manner still showed respectful uneasiness.
10.5
執圭，鞠躬如也，如不勝。上如揖，下如授。勃如戰色，足蹜蹜，如有循。享禮，有容色。私覿，愉愉如也。
When he was carrying the scepter of his ruler, he seemed to bend his body, as if he were not able to bear its weight. He did not hold it higher than the position of the hands in making a bow, nor lower than their position in giving anything to another.
His countenance, moreover, appeared to change with alarm, and he moved his feet as if they were tied, by taking short steps.
In presenting the silks to the visitor, his countenance was relaxed and cheerful.
In the private audience, he looked highly gratified.
10.6
君子不以紺緅飾。紅紫不以為褻服。當暑，袗絺綌，必表而出之。緇衣羔裘，素衣麑裘，黃衣狐裘。褻裘長。短右袂。必有寢衣，長一身有半。狐貉之厚以居。去喪，無所不佩。非帷裳，必殺之。羔裘玄冠不以弔。吉月，必朝服而朝。
The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce color, in the ornaments of his dress. Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a red or reddish color.
In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture, but he always wore it over an inner garment.
He wore black lamb's fur with a garment of black color; fawn's fur with a white garment; and fox's fur with a yellow garment.
His undress fur robe was longer than the others, with the right sleeve short. He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body.
When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger. When he put off mourning, he wore all the appendages of the girdle.
His undergarment, except when it was required to be of the curtain shape, was made of silk and cut narrow. He did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap, on a visit of condolence.
On the first day of the month, he put on his court robes, and presented himself at court.
10.7
齊，必有明衣，布。齊，必變食，居必遷坐。
When fasting, he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly clean and made of linen cloth.
When fasting, he thought it necessary to change his food, and also to change the place where he commonly sat in the apartment.
10.8
食不厭精，膾不厭細。食饐而餲，魚餒而肉敗，不食。色惡，不食。臭惡，不食。失飪，不食。不時，不食。割不正，不食。不得其醬，不食。肉雖多，不使勝食氣。惟酒無量，不及亂。沽酒市脯不食。不撤薑食。不多食。
He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his minced meat cut quite small.
He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone. He did not eat what was discolored, or what was of a bad flavor, nor anything which was not in season.
He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce.
Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice. It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it. He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market.
He was never without ginger when he ate. He did not eat much.
10.9
祭於公，不宿肉。祭肉不出三日。出三日，不食之矣。
When he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice, he did not keep the flesh which he received overnight. The flesh of his family sacrifice he did not keep over three days. If kept over three days, it was not eaten.
10.10
食不語，寢不言。
Ni, Understanding the Analects of Confucius (2017)
When eating, he would not converse. When lying in bed, he would not talk.
Listen: Episode 7 - Somebody Needs a Vacation
When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak.
10.11
雖疏食菜羹，瓜祭，必齊如也。
Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would offer a little of it in sacrifice with a grave, respectful air.
10.12
席不正，不坐。
Ni, Understanding the Analects of Confucius (2017)
He would not sit, unless his mat was correct.
Listen: Episode 3 - Parking: Reserved
If his mat was not straight, he did not sit on it.
10.13
鄉人飲酒，杖者出，斯出矣。
When the villagers were drinking together, on those who carried staffs going out, he went out immediately after.
10.14
鄉人儺，朝服而立於阼階。
When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.
10.15
問人於他邦，再拜而送之。
When he was sending complimentary inquiries to any one in another State, he bowed twice as he escorted the messenger away.
10.16
康子饋藥，拜而受之。曰：「丘未達，不敢嘗。」
Ji Kang having sent him a present of physic, he bowed and received it, saying: "I do not know it. I dare not taste it."
10.17
廄焚。子退朝，曰：「傷人乎？」不問馬。
The stable being burned down, when he was at court, on his return he said: "Has any man been hurt?" He did not ask about the horses.
10.18
君賜食，必正席先嘗之；君賜腥，必熟而薦之；君賜生，必畜之。侍食於君，君祭，先飯。
When the prince sent him a gift of cooked meat, he would adjust his mat, first taste it, and then give it away to others. When the prince sent him a gift of undressed meat, he would have it cooked, and offer it to the spirits of his ancestors. When the prince sent him a gift of a living animal, he would keep it alive.
When he was in attendance on the prince and at meat with him, the prince would first offer the sacrificial portion, and the Master would first taste the food.
When he was ill and the prince had come to visit him, he had his head to the east, made his court robes be spread over him, and drew his girdle across them.
When the prince's order called him, without waiting for his carriage to be yoked, he went at once.
10.20
君命召，不俟駕行矣。
When any of his friends died, if he had no relations who could be depended on for the necessary offices, he would say: "I will bury him."
When a friend sent him a present, though it might be a carriage and horses, he did not bow. The only present for which he bowed was that of the flesh of sacrifice.
10.21
入太廟，每事問。
Ni, Understanding the Analects of Confucius (2017)
When he entered the Grand Temple, he asked about everything.
Listen: Episode 7 - Somebody Needs a Vacation
In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on any formal air.
When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though he might be an acquaintance, he would change countenance; when he saw any one in a cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress, he would salute them in a ceremonious manner.
To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the cross-bar of his carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population.
When he at any time lived on a rich diet, he thought it necessary with a changed countenance to rise up and bow.
Upon a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.
10.22
朋友死，無所歸。曰：「於我殯。」
When he was about to step into his carriage, he stood straight and grasped the mounting-cord.
When in the carriage, he did not look backwards, nor speak hastily, nor point with his hands.
10.23
朋友之饋，雖車馬，非祭肉，不拜。
Seeing the countenance, it rises. It flies about, and then settles. The Master said: "The hen-pheasant of the hill bridge, is it in season? is it in season?" Zilu made a motion towards it, and it thrice smelled, and then rose.
10.24
寢不尸，居不容。
Ni, Understanding the Analects of Confucius (2017)
In bed, he did not lie like a rigid corpse. At home, he did not assume formal deportment.
Listen: Episode 7 - Somebody Needs a Vacation
In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on any formal deportment.
10.25
見齊衰者，雖狎，必變。見冕者與瞽者，雖褻，必以貌。凶服者式之。式負版者。有盛饌，必變色而作。迅雷風烈，必變。
When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance, he would change countenance; when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress, he would salute them in a ceremonious manner. To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population. When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions set before him, he would change countenance and rise up. On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.
10.26
升車，必正立執綏。車中，不內顧，不疾言，不親指。
When he was about to mount his carriage, he would stand straight, holding the cord. When he was in the carriage, he did not turn his head quite round, he did not talk hastily, he did not point with his hands.
10.27
色斯舉矣，翔而後集。曰：「山梁雌雉，時哉！時哉！」子路共之，三嗅而作。
Seeing the countenance, it instantly rises. It flies round, and by and by settles.
The Master said, "There is the hen-pheasant on the hill bridge. At its season! At its season!"
Zilu made a motion to it. Thrice it smelt him and then rose.