《先進》 Former Eras
Book 11 · 26 passages
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Showing 26 of 26 passages
11.1
子曰：「先進於禮樂，野人也；後進於禮樂，君子也。如用之，則吾從先進。」
The Master said: "The men of former times, in the matters of ceremonies and music were rustics, it is said; while the men of these latter times, in ceremonies and music, are superior men. If I have occasion to use those things, I follow the men of former times."
11.2
子曰：「從我於陳、蔡者，皆不及門也。」
The Master said: "Of those who were with me in Chen and Cai, there are none to be found to enter my door."
11.3
德行：顏淵，閔子騫，冉伯牛，仲弓。言語：宰我，子貢。政事：冉有，季路。文學：子游，子夏。
Distinguished for their virtuous conduct were Yan Hui, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, and Zhonggong; for their ability in speech, Zai Wo and Zigong; for their administrative talents, Ran You and Jilu; for their literary acquirements, Ziyou and Zixia.
11.4
子曰：「回也非助我者也，於吾言無所不說。」
The Master said: "Hui gives me no assistance. There is nothing that I say in which he does not delight."
11.5
子曰：「孝哉閔子騫！人不間於其父母昆弟之言。」
The Master said: "Filial indeed is Min Ziqian! Other people say nothing of him different from the report of his parents and brothers."
11.6
南容三復白圭，孔子以其兄之子妻之。
Nan Rong was frequently repeating the lines about a white scepter stone. Confucius gave him the daughter of his elder brother to wife.
11.7
季康子問：「弟子孰為好學？」孔子對曰：「有顏回者好學，不幸短命死矣！今也則亡。」
Ji Kang asked which of the disciples loved to learn. Confucius replied to him: "There was Yan Hui; he loved to learn. Unfortunately his appointed time was short, and he died. Now there is no one who loves to learn, as he did."
11.8
顏淵死，顏路請子之車以為之椁。子曰：「才不才，亦各言其子也。鯉也死，有棺而無椁。吾不徒行以為之椁。以吾從大夫之後，不可徒行也。」
When Yan Yuan died, Yan Lu begged the carriage of the Master to sell and get an outer shell for his son's coffin.
The Master said: "Every one calls his son his son, whether he has talents or has not talents. There was Li; when he died, he had a coffin but no outer shell. I would not walk on foot to get a shell for him, because, having followed in the rear of the great officers, it was not proper that I should walk on foot."
11.9
顏淵死。子曰：「噫！天喪予！天喪予！」
When Yan Yuan died, the Master said: "Alas! Heaven is destroying me! Heaven is destroying me!"
11.10
顏淵死，子哭之慟。從者曰：「子慟矣。」曰：「有慟乎？非夫人之為慟而誰為！」
When Yan Yuan died, the Master bewailed him exceedingly, and the disciples who were with him said: "Sir, your grief is exceeding!"
He said: "Is it exceeding? If I am not to mourn exceedingly for this man, for whom should I mourn?"
11.11
顏淵死，門人欲厚葬之，子曰：「不可。」門人厚葬之。子曰：「回也視予猶父也，予不得視猶子也。非我也，夫二三子也。」
When Yan Yuan died, the disciples wished to give him a great burial, and the Master said: "You may not do so."
The disciples did bury him in great style. The Master said: "Hui behaved towards me as his father. I have not been able to treat him as my son. The fault is not mine; it belongs to you, O disciples!"
11.12
季路問事鬼神。子曰：「未能事人，焉能事鬼？」敢問死。曰：「未知生，焉知死？」
Jilu asked about serving the spirits of the dead. The Master said: "While you are not able to serve men, how can you serve their spirits?"
Jilu added: "I venture to ask about death." He was answered: "While you do not know life, how can you know about death?"
11.13
閔子侍側，誾誾如也；子路，行行如也；冉有、子貢，侃侃如也。子樂。「若由也，不得其死然。」
The disciple Min was standing by his side, looking bland and precise; Zilu, looking free and straightforward; and Ran You and Zhonggong, looking simple and easy. The Master was pleased.
He said: "A man like Yu! — he will not die a natural death."
11.14
魯人為長府。閔子騫曰：「仍舊貫，如之何？何必改作？」子曰：「夫人不言，言必有中。」
Some parties in Lu were going to rebuild the Long-hu treasury.
Min Ziqian said: "Suppose it were to be repaired after its old style; — why must it be altered and made anew?"
The Master said: "This man seldom speaks; when he does, he is sure to hit the point."
11.15
子曰：「由之瑟奚為於丘之門？」門人不敬子路。子曰：「由也升堂矣，未入於室也。」
The Master said: "What has the lute of Yu to do in my door?"
The other disciples began not to respect Zilu. The Master said: "Yu has ascended to the hall, though he has not yet passed into the inner apartments."
11.16
子貢問：「師與商也孰賢？」子曰：「師也過，商也不及。」曰：「然則師愈與？」子曰：「過猶不及。」
Zigong asked which of the two, Shi or Shang, was the superior. The Master said: "Shi goes beyond the due mean, and Shang does not come up to it."
"Then," said Zigong, "the superiority is with Shi, I suppose."
The Master said: "To go beyond is as bad as to fall short."
11.17
季氏富於周公，而求也為之聚斂而附益之。子曰：「非吾徒也。小子鳴鼓而攻之，可也。」
The head of the Ji family was richer than the duke of Zhou had been, and yet Qiu collected his taxes for him, and increased his wealth.
The Master said: "He is no disciple of mine. My little children, beat the drum and assail him."
11.19
子曰：「回也其庶乎，屢空。賜不受命，而貨殖焉，億則屢中。」
The Master said: "Hui is nearly perfect, and yet he is often in want. Ci does not acquiesce in the appointments of Heaven, and his goods are increased by him. Yet his judgments are often correct."
11.20
子張問善人之道。子曰：「不踐跡，亦不入於室。」
Zizhang asked what were the characteristics of the good man. The Master said: "He does not tread in the footsteps of others, but moreover, he does not enter the inner apartments of the sage."
11.21
子曰：「論篤是與，君子者乎？色莊者乎？」
The Master said: "If, because a man's discourse appears solid and sincere, we allow him to be a good man, is he really a superior man? or is his gravity only in appearance?"
11.22
子路問：「聞斯行諸？」子曰：「有父兄在，如之何其聞斯行之？」冉有問：「聞斯行諸？」子曰：「聞斯行之。」公西華曰：「由也問聞斯行諸，子曰『有父兄在』；求也問聞斯行諸，子曰『聞斯行之』。赤也惑，敢問。」子曰：「求也退，故進之；由也兼人，故退之。」
Zilu asked whether he should immediately carry into practice what he heard. The Master said: "There are your father and elder brothers to be consulted; — why should you act on that principle of immediately carrying into practice what you hear?"
Ran You asked the same, whether he should immediately carry into practice what he heard, and the Master answered: "Immediately carry into practice what you hear."
Gongxi Hua said: "Yu asked whether he should carry immediately into practice what he heard, and you said, 'There are your father and elder brothers to be consulted.' Qiu asked whether he should immediately carry into practice what he heard, and you said, 'Immediately carry it into practice.' I am perplexed, and venture to ask you for an explanation."
The Master said: "Qiu is retiring and slow; therefore, I urged him forward. Yu has more than his own share of energy; therefore, I kept him back."
11.23
子畏於匡，顏淵後。子曰：「吾以女為死矣。」曰：「子在，回何敢死？」
The Master was put in fear in Kuang and Yan Yuan fell behind. The Master, when they met, said: "I thought you had died."
Hui replied: "While you were alive, how should I presume to die?"
11.24
季子然問：「仲由、冉求可謂大臣與？」子曰：「吾以子為異之問，曾由與求之問。所謂大臣者：以道事君，不可則止。今由與求也，可謂具臣矣。」曰：「然則從之者與？」子曰：「弒父與君，亦不從也。」
Ji Ziran asked whether Zhongyou and Ran Qiu could be called great ministers.
The Master said: "I thought you would ask about some extraordinary individuals, and you only ask about Yu and Qiu!
What is called a great minister, is one who serves his prince according to what is right, and when he finds he cannot do so, retires.
Now, as to Yu and Qiu, they may be called ordinary ministers."
Ziran said: "Then they will always follow their chief; — will they?"
The Master said: "In an act of parricide or regicide, they would not follow him."
11.25
子路使子羔為費宰。子曰：「賊夫人之子。」子路曰：「有民人焉，有社稷焉。何必讀書，然後為學？」子曰：「是故惡夫佞者。」
Zilu got Zigao appointed governor of Bi. The Master said: "You are injuring a man's son."
Zilu said: "There are, there, common people and officers; there are the altars of the spirits of the land and grain. Why must one read books, before he can be considered to have learned?"
The Master said: "It is on this account that I hate your glib-tongued people."
11.26
子路、曾皙、冉有、公西華侍坐。子曰：「以吾一日長乎爾，毋吾以也。居則曰：「不吾知也！』如或知爾，則何以哉？」子路率爾而對曰：「千乘之國，攝乎大國之間，加之以師旅，因之以饑饉；由也為之，比及三年，可使有勇，且知方也。」夫子哂之。「求！爾何如？」對曰：「方六七十，如五六十，求也為之，比及三年，可使足民。如其禮樂，以俟君子。」「赤！爾何如？」對曰：「非曰能之，願學焉。宗廟之事，如會同，端章甫，願為小相焉。」「點！爾何如？」鼓瑟希，鏗爾，舍瑟而作。對曰：「異乎三子者之撰。」子曰：「何傷乎？亦各言其志也。」曰：「莫春者，春服既成。冠者五六人，童子六七人，浴乎沂，風乎舞雩，詠而歸。」夫子喟然歎曰：「吾與點也！」三子者出，曾皙後。曾皙曰：「夫三子者之言何如？」子曰：「亦各言其志也已矣。」曰：「夫子何哂由也？」曰：「為國以禮，其言不讓，是故哂之。」「唯求則非邦也與？」「安見方六七十如五六十而非邦也者？」「唯赤則非邦也與？」「宗廟會同，非諸侯而何？赤也為之小，孰能為之大？」
Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gongxi Hua were sitting by the Master. He said to them: "Though I am a day or so older than you, do not think of that. From day to day you are saying, 'We are not known.' If some ruler were to know you, what would you like to do?"
Zilu hastily and lightly replied: "Suppose the case of a State of ten thousand chariots; let it be straitened between other large States; let it be suffering from invading armies; and to this let there be added a famine in corn and in all vegetables: — if I were entrusted with the government of it, in three years' time I could make the people to be bold, and to recognize the rules of righteous conduct."
The Master smiled at him.
Turning to Ran You, he said: "Qiu, what are your wishes?"
Qiu replied: "Suppose a state of sixty or seventy li square, or one of fifty or sixty, and let me have the government of it; — in three years' time, I could make plenty to abound among the people. As to teaching them the rules of propriety and music, I must wait for the rise of a superior man to do that."
"And what are your wishes, Chi?" said the Master to Gongxi Hua.
Chi replied: "I do not say that my ability extends to these things, but I should like to learn them. At the services of the ancestral temple, and at the audiences of the princes with the emperor, I should like, dressed in the dark-colored cap and robes, to act as a small assistant."
Last of all, the Master asked Zeng Xi: "Dian, what are your wishes?"
Dian, pausing as he was playing on his lute, while it was yet twanging, laid the instrument aside, and rose. "My wishes," he said, "are different from the cherished purposes of these three gentlemen."
"What harm is there in that?" said the Master; "do you also, as well as they, speak out your wishes."
Dian then said: "In this, the last month of spring, with the dress of the season all complete, along with five or six young men who have assumed the cap, and six or seven boys, I would wash in the Yi, enjoy the breeze among the rain altars, and return home singing."
The Master heaved a sigh and said: "I give my approval to Dian."