Book 11: 《先進》 Xian Jin (Former Eras)
《先進》 Passage 11.13
Legge Translation (1861)
The disciple Min was standing by his side, looking bland and precise; Zilu, looking bold and soldierly; Ran You and Zigong, with a free and straightforward manner. The Master was pleased.He said: "You, there! — he will not die a natural death."
Word by word
- 閔子 mǐn zǐ
Min Ziqian, a disciple of Confucius
- 閔 Min, surname of the disciple Min Ziqian
- 子 honorific title-forming particle attached to a disciple's name
- 侍側 shì cè
to wait in attendance at one's side
- 侍 to wait upon, attend in service
- 側 side, flank (of a person)
- 誾誾如也 yín yín rú yě
mild yet forthright, correct and precise in manner
- 誾 harmonious yet forthright in manner or speech
- 誾 harmonious yet forthright in manner or speech
- 如 suffix marking manner or appearance: seeming, in such a way
- 也 final particle marking assertion, completing a descriptive predicate
- 子路 zǐ lù
Zilu, a disciple of Confucius known for boldness
- 子 prefix of a courtesy name, as in 子路 and 子貢; not the title Master
- 路 Lu, courtesy-name element in 子路, the courtesy name of Zhong You (仲由); his given name is 由
- 行行如也 hàng hàng rú yě
bold, tough, and unyielding in bearing
- 行 vigorous and unyielding in bearing (reduplicated for emphasis)
- 行 vigorous and unyielding in bearing (reduplicated for emphasis)
- 如 suffix marking manner or appearance: seeming, in such a way
- 也 final particle marking assertion, completing a descriptive predicate
Read hàng hàng (經典釋文: 胡浪反), not xíng; 鄭玄 (in 何晏) glosses 行行 as 剛強之貌, the look of hard strength.
- 冉有 rǎn yǒu
Ran You (Ran Qiu), a disciple of Confucius
- 冉 Ran, surname of the disciple Ran You
- 有 You, courtesy-name element in 冉有; Ran Qiu's (冉求) courtesy name is 子有, his given name 求
- 子貢 zǐ gòng
Zigong, a disciple of Confucius skilled in speech
- 子 prefix of a courtesy name, as in 子路 and 子貢; not the title Master
- 貢 Gong, courtesy-name element in 子貢, the courtesy name of Duanmu Ci (端木賜); his given name is 賜
- 侃侃如也 kǎn kǎn rú yě
affable and at ease, congenially relaxed
- 侃 affable and at ease (reduplicated for emphasis, describing bearing)
- 侃 affable and at ease (reduplicated for emphasis, describing bearing)
- 如 suffix marking manner or appearance: seeming, in such a way
- 也 final particle marking assertion, completing a descriptive predicate
- 子 zǐ
the Master, Confucius
- 樂 lè
pleased, delighted
- 若 ruò
as for, the likes of — 若…也 topicalising a name; read either "as for You" or "a man like You" (如/像)
- 由 yóu
You, the given name of the disciple Zilu
- 也 yě
topic-marking particle: as for..., in the case of...
- 不 bù
not
- 得其死 dé qí sǐ
to die a natural death, to meet one's proper end
- 得 to get, obtain, attain
- 其 his — refers to one's own, proper (natural) death
- 死 to die; death
- 然 rán
sentence-final 然, a soft 'so it will be, I fear' — close to 焉
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