Book 14: 《憲問》 Xian Wen (Xian Asked)
《憲問》 Passage 14.4
Legge Translation (1861)
The Master said: "The virtuous will be sure to speak correctly, but those whose speech is good may not always be virtuous. Men of principle are sure to be bold, but those who are bold may not always be men of principle."Word by word
- 子曰 zǐ yuē
the Master said
- 子 Confucius, the Master
- 曰 said, spoke (introduces reported speech)
- 有 yǒu
to have, possess
- 德 dé
virtue, moral character
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 必 bì
necessarily, certainly, surely
- 有 yǒu
to have
- 言 yán
words, speech
- 有 yǒu
to have, possess
- 言 yán
words, speech
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 不必 bù bì
not necessarily, need not
- 不 not, negation particle
- 必 necessarily, certainly, surely
- 有 yǒu
to have, possess
- 德 dé
virtue, moral character
- 仁者 rén zhě
the human-hearted; one who possesses 仁
- 仁 rén
benevolence, humaneness, goodness
Ames & Rosemont's 'authoritative' reflects a role-ethics reading of ren; other translators render it as benevolence, Goodness, or human-heartedness.
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 必 bì
necessarily, certainly, surely
- 有 yǒu
to have, possess
- 勇 yǒng
courage, bravery
- 勇 yǒng
courage, bravery
- 者 zhě
nominalizing particle: one who, those who
- 不必 bù bì
not necessarily, need not
- 不 not, negation particle
- 必 necessarily, certainly, surely
- 有仁 yǒu rén
to possess ren, be humane
- 有 to have, possess
- 仁 ren, benevolence, humaneness
Lau alone renders 有 explicitly ('possess'); the other seven translators fuse 有仁 into a single predicate adjective. Ames & Rosemont's 'authoritative' again reflects the role-ethics reading of ren seen at index 21.
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