《子張》 Passage 19.14

Ziyou, a disciple of Confucius

• 子 prefix of a courtesy name, as in 子路 and 子貢; not the title Master
• 游 second syllable of the proper name Ziyou, a disciple of Confucius

said, spoke

mourning, the rites and observance following a death

carry fully to, extend to the utmost extent

• 致 to carry to the fullest extent, to fully extend or express
• 乎 coverb marking extent: to, unto (equivalent to 於)

乎 functions here as a coverb equivalent to 於, marking the extent to which grief is carried.

grief, sorrow

and then stop, come to an end (once grief is fully expressed)

• 而 conjunctive particle: and, and then
• 止 to stop, come to rest; to go no further — Also read as a cap on excess (go no further than) rather than simple cessation; see unit gloss.

Translators split on 止: Legge, Slingerland, Peimin Ni, Roberts, Watson, and Chin read it as simple cessation once grief is expressed, while Ames & Rosemont and Lau read it as a limit that should not be exceeded, i.e. grief should be full but not overdone. 而 supplies the sequencing ('and then'), rendered separately only by Legge and Slingerland.